BDO Bipe methodology for classifying metropolitan areas

Retrospective evaluation and tendencies within the attractiveness of metropolitan areas

The purpose of this research is to research the attractiveness of metropolises in order to ascertain a rating between them. To do that, BDO BIPE has recognized and certified varied indicators primarily from varied public sources (Insee, Pôle emploi, and many others.), and to contemplate the dynamics of this attractiveness, additionally on its forecasts that are themselves primarily based on its demographic, financial, sectoral, technological and regulatory fashions.

Learn additionallyRanking: here are the most attractive metropolises in France – Challenges

The metropolises thought-about on this evaluation are these outlined by the regulation of 27 January 2014 on the modernization of territorial public motion and the affirmation of metropolises (MAPTAM law), excluding Nancy.

The EPCIs which type a gaggle of 400,000 inhabitants on the date of creation can turn out to be metropolises, in addition to the city communities created by the regulation of 1966. A metropolis is subsequently created by the transformation of an already constituted EPCI with its personal taxation. The Law of 28 February 2017 relating to the statute of Paris and to metropolitan planning widened the potential of transformation in metropolitan France to all EPCIs of greater than 400,000 inhabitants, to these that are facilities of an employment zone of greater than 400,000 inhabitants and people of greater than 250,000 inhabitants or together with of their perimeter , on December 31, 2015, the regional capital, facilities of an employment space of greater than 500,000 inhabitants.

In response to the MAPTAM regulation, there are 22 metropolises: Good-Côte d’Azur, Bordeaux, Brest, Grenoble, Lille, Montpellier, Nantes, Rennes, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulouse, Grand Paris, Aix-Marseille-Provence, Nancy, Metz, Orleans, Excursions-Val-de-Loire, Dijon, Clermont-Auvergne, Saint-Étienne, Toulon-Provence-Méditerranée and Lyon.

BDO BIPE’s attractiveness evaluation focuses on three primary themes: Attractiveness for households, Attractiveness for corporations and positioning with regard to the Inexperienced deal particularly on housing and transport dimensions.

A minimum of 25 indicators had been collected, processed and analyzed (the share of single-family homes, the worth per sq. meter for a home, the worth per sq. meter for an condo, the supply of private service gear, the supply of kit well being companies, recruitment difficulties, equipping with electrical automobiles, and many others.). These information are verifiable from their sources and significantly discriminating to mark the traits of every metropolis and thus set up a classification. A professional database was constructed to convey collectively all of the analyzes.

Within the course of, the metropolises had been categorised in keeping with every of the symptoms thought-about. From these classifications by indicator, it’s potential to ascertain a classification for any kind of grouping of indicators. Sometimes, for the attractiveness of households, three sub-themes had been thought-about: housing, entry to gear and stage of schooling / employment. All of the variables are equally weighted within the rankings by subject. It’s subsequently potential in one other evaluation to assign totally different weights to the symptoms in keeping with the orientation that one needs to offer to the evaluation.

Past this retrospective evaluation, BDO BIPE enriched the research by bringing a potential dimension to it due to its forecasting instruments equivalent to Residential migrations, Sector dynamics and beep ranking. Thus the expansion within the variety of households (by 2030), employment and GDP (by 2025) are additionally accessible on this research.

Residential migrations

The Residential Migrations device goals to achieve an in depth understanding of the mechanisms of previous migratory flows so as to have the ability to mannequin them for the long run. It begins from a inhabitants projection by division, age and intercourse obtained from INSEE primarily based on the continuation of the pure (births – deaths) and migratory (inflows – out) balances tendencies, that are the 2 parts of demographic progress. of a territory. As a part of its modeling, to refine these projections, BDO BIPE has developed a mannequin for forecasting migratory flows, primarily based on analyzes carried out at a number of ranges:

Retrospective evaluation of the geographic mobility of households (by 12 months, by area, by measurement of agglomeration and by age group) by means of employment surveys and censuses;

Highlighting of probably the most delicate social teams when it comes to mobility: crossing between sorts of households and generations;

Complementary survey of a panel of households on their intentions when it comes to location and kind of housing: a few of the delicate teams, particularly the youthful generations (to grasp their expectations) and folks on the eve of retirement (double gear, causes for selecting a selected location);

Improvement of a mannequin explaining migratory flows (regional entries and exits) by financial (unemployment, progress, provide), sociological (residential mobility particular to every of the teams beforehand recognized) and geographic (high quality of life in every area) variables and projection of those flows.

This tremendous and rigorous modeling of migratory balances makes it potential to regulate the inhabitants projections by territory from the INSEE OMPHALE database.

The calculation to acquire the family inhabitants, the variety of households and the dimensions of households relies on assumptions made particularly on the chance by intercourse and age of belonging to a given mode of cohabitation (alone with or with out kids, as a pair with or with out kids) and on the chance of being the pinnacle of the family.

In tremendous, this work makes it potential to have a forecast of the evolution of the demographic construction by kind of family and by division within the subsequent 10 -15 years, in steps of 5 years.

The Residential Migrations device affords many sensible purposes, significantly for corporations whose market is linked to demographic dynamics, permitting them to anticipate and adapt their product and repair supply (housing, transport, monetary and insurance coverage companies). , mass distribution, city companies, collective companies, and many others.).

Sector dynamics

The sector dynamics device is a multisectoral forecasting device on the nation stage. As such, it goals to research and forecast the evolution of the financial system on the world and sectoral stage from a calculation exhibiting the affect of macroeconomic eventualities and their underlying on the assorted sectors of the financial system. the financial system. This calculation is carried out primarily by way of the input-output tables (TER) to make sure the consistency of the hyperlink between the sectors.

The TER isn’t solely a way of calculating the GDP, but in addition a device permitting to estimate the affect of a disaster, or to simulate financial impacts (it’s utilized by worldwide establishments just like the IMF).

The forecast mannequin developed by the BIPE covers 56 sectors outlined by the NACE Rev. nomenclature. 2 and covers nearly all of the nations of the European Union and 7 different nations equivalent to Japan and China. The sides, strategies and nomenclatures are homogenized to permit a direct comparability of nations and sectors. Forecasts are made at two scales: (i) short-term quarterly forecasts over 2 years and (ii) long-term annual forecasts over 5 years.

Finally, the mannequin offers as outcome the gross added worth (GVA) by sector, per macroeconomic eventualities.

You will need to specify that from a quarterly macroeconomic situation, the BDO BIPE can present the GVA of every nation, by quarter, for the 56 sectors over the horizon outlined by the macro situation. Macro-scenarios from Eurostat, the EIB or the European Fee might be launched into this mannequin.

The benefit of this device is, furthermore, throughout the framework of a sectoral coverage, to have the ability to determine the industries most affected, in danger, delayed, and many others. and to simulate the affect of sectoral measures on every sector by nation. It additionally makes it potential to calculate the financing want by sector.

BEEP Ranking

The primary goal of this device is to measure the credit score threat of corporations in Europe, no matter their measurement. The primary metric used is the chance of default (PD). The device can calculate the PD of any firm as quickly because it publishes its accounts.

BIPE Ranking additionally makes it potential to have a sectoral imaginative and prescient by means of a sectoral forecast and to have the ability to examine each the PD and the principle monetary ratios between corporations.

The device permits by means of a sure variety of functionalities to hold out superior research on the businesses of a sector.

The methodology used is a classification algorithm (firm in default or not) however the mannequin focuses on the chance of default and never on the classification.

The outcomes of the device are seen on the device platform additionally developed by BDO BIPE. These are primarily the possibilities of default of corporations, sector forecasts, the principle information and monetary ratios by means of tables or graphs. The platform affords potentialities to refine the outcomes by filters in keeping with totally different quantitative standards